Trans-Cranial Magnetic Stimulation AS A Treatment for MICROGLIAL Dysregulation

[Microglia are the innate immune cells of the brain & central Nervous system]

​Val's Take/Conjecture

• ​These studies provide more corroboration that Neuro-Developmental & Psychiatric Disorders are NEURO-IMMUNE DISORDERS.
• Further, many of our current treatments are being re-evaluated in light of new understandings and paradigms.
• Additionally, researchers are working to refine treatments such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)  to make them more targeted and effective based on these new understandings and paradigms.​ 

Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation alleviates abnormal behavior in valproic acid rat model of autism through rescuing synaptic plasticity and inhibiting neuroinflammation
(2024)

​"Prenatal VPA exposure increased the level of inflammation cytokines and promoted the excessive activation of microglia.

"rTMS significantly alleviated the prenatal VPA-induced abnormalities including behavioral and synaptic plasticity deficits, and excessive neuroinflammation.

"TMS maybe a potential strategy for autism therapy via rescuing synaptic plasticity and inhibiting neuroinflammation."

​Neuroprotective and plasticity promoting effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): A role for microglia (2025)

​"Given their critical involvement in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, modulating microglial function presents a promising therapeutic avenue.

"In this context, rTMS is emerging as a potential strategy to influence microglial activity, suggesting that these cells serve as both targets and key mediators of rTMS-induced plasticity, neuroprotection, and therapeutic outcomes.

"Findings from in vitro and in vivo studies highlight how these interactions contribute to the therapeutic benefits of rTMS across various neuropsychiatric disorders."

Microglial Cytokines Mediate Plasticity Induced by 10 Hz Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation (2023)

​"We conclude that rTMS affects neural excitability and plasticity by modulating the release of cytokines from microglia."

​Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Developmental Neuropsychiatric Disorders with Inflammation (2023)