Neuro-Diversity and Glutamate Toxicity

Conjecture

There are some common biomarkers for ADHD, Autism, Dyslexia, Depression, Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia.

• Maternal Immune Activation is a BIG KEY and it appears to affect the expression of glutamate in adult offspring.

 

• I think the DSM Categories are quite misleading given the current research and the BLURRED NATURE of these disorders needs to be understood as well as idiosyncratic factors.
  • There are CONSEQUENCES to a MISLEADING DIAGNOTISTIC MANUAL:
    • Late & Too Late Diagnosis of Developmental Differences and Disorders.
    • Inaccurate Assessment
    • Ineffective Treatment

These Are NOT Small Problems

They are crying out for a Comprehensive Public Health Approach to Criminal Justice.

Glutamate and depression:

Reflecting a deepening knowledge of of the gut and brain effects of a ubiquitous molecule (2021)

Years of research suggest glutamate has a role to play in depression.

Also, there is increasing evidence of a possible relationship between glutamate and the pathophysiology and/or treatment of depression.

The complexity of depression suggests dysregulation of glutamate in sites such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain.

Maternal immune activation alters glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 expression in the brains of adult rat offspring
(2016)

Maternal immune activation alters glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 expression in the brains of adult rat offspring. Activation of the maternal innate immune system, termed "maternal immune activation" (MIA), represents a common environmental risk factor for schizophrenia.

Excitotoxicity in the pathogenesis of autism (2013)

Substantial evidence suggests that excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial function are the leading cause of neuronal dysfunction in autistic patients.

Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter produced in the CNS, and overactivity of glutamate and its receptors leads to excitotoxicity. 

Dyslexia and age related effects in the neurometabolites ...

On the level of neurotransmitters, this theory predicts heightened level of glutamatergic (Glu or Glx) signalling in dyslexic individuals, since glutamate concentrations were found to be positively correlated with cortical excitability.

Hyperactivity and impulsivity in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is related to glutamatergic dysfunction in the anterior cingulate cortex. (2016)