Part III: Shared Genes & Psychiatric Disorders
Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain (2018)
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Over 600 Institutional Affiliations
1Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 2Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. 3Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. 4Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 5Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. 6Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 7UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK. 8Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK. 9Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. 10Cardiff University, Medical Research Council Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychology, Medicine & Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff, UK. 11Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. 12Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 13Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 14Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 15Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. 16Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 17Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 18Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, New Jersey, USA. 19INSERM U1167 LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France. 20Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, France. 21Université de Lille, U1167, RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France. 22Centre Hosp. Univ Lille, Lille, France. 23Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan. 24Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. 25INSERM U1061 - Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France. 26University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France. 27Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France. 28INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France. 29University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. 30Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France. 31Inserm U1245, Rouen, France. 32Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France. 33Department of Gerontology, Hôpital Broca, AH-HP, Paris, France. 34Hôpital Paul Brousse Université Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France. 35Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Dept of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 36Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 37Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 38Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, USA. 39University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 40Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. 41Department of Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA. 42Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. 43Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. 44Center for Applied Genomics of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 45Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 46Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 47National Alzheimer Coordinating Center (NACC), Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 48Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. 49Rush Alzheimers Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA. 50Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA. 51Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA. 52Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA. 53Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. 54Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. 55College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. 56Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA. 57Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. 58Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. 59Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. 60Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 61University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA. 62Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. 63Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. 64Department of Neurology and Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA. 65Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. 66Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 67Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. 68Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. 69Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 70Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. 71Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 72School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland. 73Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH/UZH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 74Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK. 75UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge, UK. 76School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. 771st and 3rd Departments of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. 78Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece. 79Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. 80Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK. 81Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France. 82Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France. 83Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France. 84AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France . 85MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. 86Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. 87Institute of Prion Diseases and MRC Prion Unit, University College London, London, UK. 88Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK. 89Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham UK. 90Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 91Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 92Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK. 93QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. 94Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK. 95Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 96Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 97Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany. 98Department of Psychiatry and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. 99Division of Psychiatry, Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory,University College London, London, UK. 100Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. 101King's College Hospital, London, UK. 102Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 103Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain and Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. 104Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain. 105Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA. 106Neurology and Neurogenetics Core, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA. 107School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. 108School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. 109Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA. 110Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 111Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. 112Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. 113Neurogenetics Program, Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 114Center For Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 115Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 116Department of Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany. 117Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. 118Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA. 119Department of Neurology II, Kepler University Clinic, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria. 120Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. 121Communication and Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Disorders (FORMI), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. 122Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. 123Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 124Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. 125Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. 12623andMe Inc., Mountain View, CA, US. 127Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 128Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 129Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. 130Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany. 131Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. 132Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 133Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. 134Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. 135Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. 136Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 137Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 138Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. 139Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany. 140Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. 141Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA. 142Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 143Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 144Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. 145Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 146Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA. 147Brigham Women's Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 148Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 149Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. 150Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany. 151Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. 152Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany. 153Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany. 154National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 155Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 156Kiel Pain and Headache Center, Kiel, Germany. 157Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 158Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. 159Headache Research Group, VHIR, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 160Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 161Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Roskilde, Denmark. 162Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 163Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark. 164Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. 165Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. 166Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 167Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 168Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 169Statistical and Genomic Epidemiology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 170Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK. 171Centre for Genomic Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. 172Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia. 173Quantinuum Research LLC, San Diego, CA, USA. 174Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA. 175Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 176Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 177Epilepsy Society, Chalfont-St-Peter, Bucks, UK. 178Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal and Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. 179Neurogenetics Group, VIB-CMN, Antwerp, Belgium. 180University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. 181Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium. 182Department of Neurology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. 183Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 184Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 185Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA. 186Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 187NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. 188Amplexa Genetics A/S, Odense, Denmark. 189Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. 190Epilepsy Center/Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. 191Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 192Department of Epileptology, University Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany. 193Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany. 194Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London. 195Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands. 196Epilepsy Foundation in the Netherlands (SEIN), Heemstede, the Netherlands. 197Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. 198Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA. 199Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. 200Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. 201Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 202Danish Epilepsy Centre, Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark. 203Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. 204Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. 205United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong. 206Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong. 207Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia. 208Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. 209UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA. 210Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. 211Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. 212Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. 213Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland. 214Department of Neurology, University of Munich Hospital, Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany. 215Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 216Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 217Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 218Institute of Neuropathology, Bonn University Medical School, Bonn, Germany. 219UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK. 220Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UK. 221University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK. 222Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 223Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit-Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy. 224Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 225Section of Epileptology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. 226Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, UK. 227Department of Neurology, Admiraal De Ruyter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands. 228Laboratory of Neurogenetics, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy. 229Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. 230University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. 231Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK. 232Department of Neurology and Epileptology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. 233Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. 234CWZ Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands. 235Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. 236Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 237German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany. 238Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. 239INSERM U1220, IRSD, Toulouse, France. 240Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. 241Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometery, University of Tubingen, Germany. 242Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. 243Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 244Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 245University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK. 246Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia. 247University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia. 248Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia. 249Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 250Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy. 251PhD Program in Neuroscience, University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy. 252Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia. 253University of Virginia Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. 254Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 255Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA. 256Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 257Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK . 258Ashford & St Peters NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK. 259University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 260Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal. 261Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute - BioISI, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. 262Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. 263Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 264Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland. 265The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. 266Department of Neurology, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA. 267University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia. 268University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. 269Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 270Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 271Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 272Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK. 273MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK. 274Genes and Disease Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain. 275Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland. 276Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland. 277Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 278Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA. 279Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. 280University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 281Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno,Italy. 282Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 283Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. 284Kartini Clinic, Portland, OR, USA. 285Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. 286MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. 287Zorg op Orde BV, Leidschendam, The Netherlands. 288Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. 289Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosomatic Medicine of University Clinics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany . 290Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands. 291Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 292Medical Genetics Unit, Department SDB, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. 293UOC Genetica ed Epidemiologica Clinica Az. Ospedaliera, Padova, Italy. 294Department of Human Genetics, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. 295Department of Rheumatology, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. 296Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Center and M. Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland. 297Department of Psychiatry, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. 298Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. 299Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. 300Eating Disorders Unit, 1st Psychiatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 301Aglaia Kyriakou Childrens Hospital, Athens, Greece. 302Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. 303General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic. 304Medical University of Vienna, Austria. 305School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia. 306Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. 307Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain. 308Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain. 309Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 310Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain. 311Departments of Psychology and Human & Molecular Genetics, College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. 312Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA. 313NORMENT, Div. of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 314Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. 315Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway. 316K. G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 317Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 318NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway. 319Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 320Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 321Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 322Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 323The Mindich Child Health & Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 324McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. 325The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. 326Biopsychosocial Corporation, Vienna, Austria. 327Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 328Zentren für Seelische Gesundheit, BBRZ-Med, Vienna, Austria. 329Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 330Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden. 331Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. 332School of Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA. 333Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA. 334Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 335BioRealm, Walnut, California, USA. 336Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA. 337Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. 338Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. 339Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. 340Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 341Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. 342Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 343Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 344Programa Corporatiu "Neurodevelopment Disorders along Life Span", Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain. 345Clinica Galatea y PAIMM, Mental Health Program for Impaired Physicians, Barcelona, Spain. 346Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, Hospital Universitario Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. 347Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa. 348K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway. 349Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 350K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway. 351Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany. 352Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany. 353Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. 354Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. 355Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. 356Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 357Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 358Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 359Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 360Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 361Department of Psychiatry & Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 362Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 363Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia. 364Department of Translational Psychiatry, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 365Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. 366Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 367Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. 368School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK. 369Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. 370National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 371Hospital of Telemark, Kragerø, Norway. 372Department of Biomedicine and Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 373Center for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 374Aarhus Genome Center, Aarhus, Denmark. 375Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. 376Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. 377Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. 378Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. 379ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. 380Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. 381University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. 382Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. 383Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 384Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 385Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. 386Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. 387Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. 388Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. 389Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 390Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 391Institute of Mental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 392Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Pisa, Italy. 393Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France. 394NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Maudsley Hospital, London, UK. 395Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 396LifeOmic, Indianapolis, IN, USA. 397Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. 398Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 399Child Developmental Center, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. 400University Clinic of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. 401Dept of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland. 402School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. 403Division of Molecular Genome Analysis and Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. 404Inserm U955, Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France. 405Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France. 406Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France. 407Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA . 408Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. 409Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. 410Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. 411Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK. 412Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK. 413Northumberland, Tyne & Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Northumberland, UK. 414Genomics Medicine Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. 415Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 416Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. 417Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. 418Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. 419Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 420Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. 421Center for Psychiatric Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA. 422Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. 423Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debre Hospital, APHP, Paris, France. 424Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. 425Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (CERPPS), Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France. 426CERESA, Toulouse, France. 427Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France. 428Academic Centre on Rare Diseases University College Dublin (ACoRD/UCD), Dublin, Ireland. 429McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 430Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. 431Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. 432Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. 433Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA. 434Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 435Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 436SRH University Heidelberg, Academy for Psychotherapy, Heidelberg, Germany. 437Division of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. 438Advanced Interventions Service, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK. 439NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 440Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. 441Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland. 442Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 443Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 444Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. 445Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 446Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia. 447School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 448Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga, Spain. 449Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain. 450Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany. 451Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 452Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. 453School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 454Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia. 455University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. 456Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA. 457Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. 458Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. 459National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic. 460Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. 461Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. 462Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. 463Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 464UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 465SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA. 466University College London, London, UK. 467Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany. 468Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. 469Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. 470Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. 471National Centre for Mental Health, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. 472Department Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 473Department Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 474Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. 475Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 476Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. 477Bela Menso Brain and Behaviour Centre, James Cook University, Varsity Lakes, Australia. 478Bond University, Faculty of Society and Design, Robina, Australia. 479Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. 480Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 481Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 482Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. 483Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. 484Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 485Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. 486Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Health and Hospital Service, Brisbane, Australia. 487Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 488School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia. 489University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. 490Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 491Department of Research and Innovation, GGZ Ingeest, Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 492Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 493Janssen Research & Development LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA. 494Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany . 495German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. 496Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. 497Department of Psychiatry GGZ INGEEST, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 498Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA. 499Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. 500Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. 501Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. 502Grupo de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. 503Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 504Department of Psychiatry, Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 505Depto. Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico. 506Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen and University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands. 507Department of Specialized Trainings, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Care Services, Assen, the Netherlands. 508Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy. 509Bio4Dreams Srl, Milan, Italy. 510University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. 511Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 512Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 513University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. 514Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 515Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. 516Centre National Maladie 'Syndrome Rare Gilles de la Tourette', Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. 517Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Départment de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. 518Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France. 519Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 520De Bascule, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 521Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 522Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. 523MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 524Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA. 525Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. 526Sección de Neuropediatría, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. 527Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. 528Yulius Academy, Yulius Mental Health Organization, Barendrecht, The Netherlands. 529Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA. 530Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 531Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. 532Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain. 533National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, Mexico. 534Clinical Research, Grupo Médico Carracci, Mexico City, Mexico. 535Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. 536Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. 537McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. 538Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. 539Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. 540Division of Adolescent and Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. 541Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 542Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Institusky 9, Moscow, Russia. 543Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 544Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada. 545Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. 546Division of Neuropsychiatry, University College London, London, UK. 547Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. 548Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil. 549Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. 550University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. 551Youthdale Treatment Centers, Toronto, Canada. 552Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. 553Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece. 554Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 555Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA. 556Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. 557Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Médecine, Paris, France. 558Reference center for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France. 559Department of Physiology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France. 560Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA. 561Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. 562Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. 563Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. 564INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France. 565IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U964/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France. 566Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. 567Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia. 568Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. 569School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA. 570Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 571School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia. 572Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia. 573Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia. 574Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore. 575Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. 576Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7222 Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et Robotiques, Paris, France. 577Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain. 578Minerva Neurosciences Inc., Waltham, MA, USA. 579Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 580VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA. 581APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. 582Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. 583Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland. 584Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA. 585Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. 586Arkin, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 587Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. 588Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria. 589Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. 590Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia. 591Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. 592Institute of Mental Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. 593Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. 594Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, Australia. 595Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 596Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. 597Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 598Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 599Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland. 600NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland. 601Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. 602Philipps-Universität Marburg and Marburg University Hospital UKGM, Marburg, Germany. 603Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. 604Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands. 605Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK. 606Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia. 607Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 608Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK. 609Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 610Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA. 611Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia. 612Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. 613Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. 614School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. 615KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. 616Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. 617Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel. 618Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. 619UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK. 620Centre for Psychiatry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK. 621School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia. 622Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia. 623Research Unit, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway. 624Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. 625Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. 626NSW Health Pathology, Newcastle, Australia. 627Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. 628Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social Genetics & Developmental Psychiatry Center, MRC, Kings College London, London, UK. 629NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London & Maudsley NHS Trust & King's College London, London, UK. 630Departments of Psychiatry and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. 631Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. 632Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. 633Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 634Department of Psychiatry and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. 635Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 636Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. 637Department of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. 638Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. verneri.anttila@gmail.com acorvin@tcd.ie bneale@broadinstitute.org. 639Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. 640Department of Pediatrics, Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA. 641Department of Psychiatry, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 642Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Bucharest, Romania. 643Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. |
AAAS ----American Academy for the Advancement of Science
Abstract Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology. What's the POINT?
Val's Take
What does "Improved Translational Research & Medicine" Mean?
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