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Risks of Suicidality & Homocidality in Psychiatric Medications



​Psychiatric Medication is SO MUCH More Complicated Than We're Recognizing --

That Leads to Gross Incompetence on the Clinical Front,
Many Unrecognized Injustices in the Criminal System, and
Untold Tragedies-- BUT Science Is Putting the Pieces Together


​Journal of The Royal Society of Medicine (2016)

Conclusions: Antidepressants double the occurrence of events in adult healthy volunteers that can lead to suicide and violence.
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​Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine (2015):

Independent Forensic Services LLC, 32796 Edward Drive, Conifer, CO, 80433, USA
Forensic Psychiatrist, Pharmacogeneticist, Suite 310, Level 3 203-223 New South Head Road, Point Piper, NSW, 2027, Australia
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA


The relevance of cytochrome P450 polymorphism in forensic medicine and akathisia-related violence and suicide

ABSTRACT

Adverse drug reactions and interactions are among the major causes of death in the United States.


Antidepressants have been reported as causing suicide and homicide and share the class attribute of frequently producing akathisia, a state of severe restlessness associated with thoughts of death and violence.

Medical examiners can now identify some pharmacogenetic interactions that cause drugs, 
deemed safe for most, to be lethal to others. Such deaths do not yet include medication-induced, akathisia-related suicides and homicides.

An extrapyramidal side effect, akathisia is a manifestation of drug 
toxicity whose causes lie,  inter alia, in drugs, doses, and co-prescribed medications that inhibit andcompete for metabolizing enzymes, which may themselves be defective. In this paper, we report ourinvestigation into adverse drug reactions/interactions in three persons who committed homicide, twoalso intending suicide, while on antidepressants prescribed for stressful life events.


Their histories of medication use, adverse reactions and reasons for changes in medications are presented. DNA samples were screened for variants in the cytochrome P450 gene family; that produce drug metabolizing
en
zymes.

All three cases exhibit genotype-based diminished metabolic capability that, in combination with 
their enzyme inhibiting/competing medications, decreased metabolism further and are the likely cause of these catastrophic events.


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Many drugs that cross the blood
brain barrier and a quarter of the medicines in general use are metabolized by the highly poly-morphic cytochrome P450 system.

Blood levels of prescribed medicines can be pushed towards toxicity because of genetically determined metabolizing capacity, high doses, and interactionswith co-prescribed CYP450 inhibitors and synergies. 

Genetics of 
the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) system are the otherwise invisiblefactor that can correlate with catastrophic behavioural distur-bances.

A forensic investigation combined with medication history, 
reports from observers, clinical records and a blood sample or a non-invasive swab from the living or dead can help elucidate the proximate, pharmacogenetic cause of death, suicide or violence.

This determination can absolve persons charged with homicide (or abort the investigation), affect insurance pay-outs for suicide, provide an absolute defence of involuntary intoxication for the
perpetrator of violence, and should protect a living person from getting more drugs with the same metabolic pathways as those that caused the problem.


​

Mental Health Advocate Amy Smith

Sounding the ALARM Regarding New Black Box Warnings for People who are "Poor or Rapid Metabolizers" 

RISKS INCLUDE --- SUICIDE & HOMICIDALITY

Amy Smith:
​"Well, we DO have a handle on one specific problem and that is the
brand
new boxed
dosage warning
for poor or rapid metabolizers, who make up
8% of Caucasians [3-8% of Black/African Americans] for whom dosage must be adjusted up to 75% - and by that I mean DOWN.

So, if you do not heed the boxed warning, and prescribe a normal dose (and we all know what happens if you complain from there; the dose is adjusted UP) then serious adverse effects will occur, including suicidality and homocidality.

And, there is a TEST for this condition, so I say a great first step is to INSIST on the test before prescribing. No real doctor would pass this by.

​
Let's see what happens.


https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/.../021436s038,021713s030...​
See 2.7 on p.7 ​of Abilify Prescribing Information: 

Dosage Adjustments for Cytochrome P450 Considerations 

Dose Adjustments for ABILIFY in Patients who are known CYP2D6 Poor Metabolizers and Patients Taking Concomitant CYP2D6 Inhibitors, 3A4 Inhibitors, and/or CYP3A4 Inducer
From the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) -- Abilify's 84-page Prescribing Information, including the "Black Box" warning -- see p. 47  >>>>>>

8.6 CYP2D6 Poor Metabolizers Dosage adjustment is recommended in known CYP2D6 poor metabolizers due to high aripiprazole [Brand names -- Abilify, Abilify Maintena, and Aristada] concentrations.

​ Approximately 8% of Caucasians and 3–8% of Black/African Americans cannot metabolize CYP2D6 substrates and are classified as poor metabolizers (PM) [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION (2.7) and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].
Picture
Colorado's Visionary Mental Health Advocate Amy Smith


FDA Prescribing Info on Abilify

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  • Home
    • About Orchid >
      • Why Orchid?
      • ORCHID'S SYSTEMIC FOCUS & "ROOT CAUSE" ANALYSIS APPROACH TO PROBLEM SOLVING WITH A COMMITMENT TO CREATIVITY & INNOVATION
      • Disclaimers, Limitations and An Invitation
      • Orchid Board
      • Orchid Book Club
      • Conjecture, Science & Translational Research & Medicine
      • Orchid Themes & Symbols
      • The Tipping Point
      • Orchid's Website Advertising Policy
      • Statement for Potential Website Contributors
      • Contact
  • Blogs
    • Val's Blog
    • Val's Blog 2
    • ​TRANSLATIONAL/ ​TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MONDAY
    • NEURO-DIVERSITY Wednesday
    • Olmstead Law & Order Thursday
    • Translational Medicine Friday
    • Translational Love, Relationships & Neuro-Diversity Saturday
  • Orchid's A-Z Index
    • Crisis Services in CO, the US & Around the World
    • Assertive Community Treatment & Flexible ACT Index
    • Housing & Homelessness Index
    • Criminal Justice
    • Innovation Index
    • For More: See the Main Orchid Index Page
  • US Federal
    • THE IMD RULE & ADMIN. ENFORCEMENT OF DISABILITY CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS
    • Medicaid & Supportive Housing & Housing-Related Services
    • CMS' FAILURE TO COVER HOUSING FOR LTC & THE IMD RULE: WHAT THEY HAVE IN COMMON IS DISCRIMINATION
    • National Take
  • Research & Translational Medicine
    • Immunology & Mental Health >
      • Alcoholism & the Immune System & Mental Health
      • Brain Injury, the Immune System & Mental Health
      • Celiac Disease & Sensitivities, the Immune System & Mental Illness
      • Mental Illness & The Immune System
      • Racial Discrimination & the Immune System & Mental Health
      • Trauma & the Immune System & Mental Health
      • ***Physical Health Issues, the Immune System & Mental Health Index
    • University of Chicago: Institute of Translational Medicine
  • Hot Topics
    • What We Want --- SAMHSA Grant Opportunities Due Jan. 22, 2019
    • Anti-Social Personality Disorder >
      • DECONSTRUCTING ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER AND PSYCHOPATHY: A GUIDELINES-BASED APPROACH TO PREJUDICIAL PSYCHIATRIC LABELS [Hofstra Law Review 2013]
      • Personality Disorders -- Unscientific & Vague -- Must Be Reformed
    • Executive Functioning & "Prison Brain" >
      • Job Accommodation Network on Executive Functioning Deficits
    • Medicaid & Medicare Network Adequacy >
      • OIG: STATE STANDARDS FOR ACCESS TO CARE IN MEDICAID MANAGED CARE (Sept. 2014)
      • OIG: ACCESS TO CARE: PROVIDER AVAILABILITY IN MEDICAID MANAGED CARE (Dec. 2014)
      • GAO 15-710: MEDICARE ADVANTAGE: Actions Needed to Enhance CMS Oversight of Provider Network Adequacy (Aug. 2015)
      • CMS: Promoting Access in Medicaid and CHIP Managed Care: A Toolkit for Ensuring Provider Network Adequacy and Service Availability (April 2017)
    • Medicaid Mental Health & Substance Use Disorder Parity >
      • CMS Parity Compliance Toolkit Applying Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Parity Requirements to Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Programs [Jan. 17, 2017]
      • Frequently Asked Questions: Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Parity Final Rule for Medicaid and CHIP [CMS October 11, 2017]
    • Olmstead Disability Rights >
      • Statement of the Department of Justice on Enforcement of the Integration Mandate of Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act and Olmstead v. L.C. (2011)
      • Comprehensive Olmstead Planning
      • the Logical Long Term Consequences of our failure to provide Intensive Community MH Treatment
      • Olmstead Nation ---State Pages: How Far to Comply with Olmstead?
  • Take A Walk Around Orchid's Resource Block
  • Colorado Abuse & Neglect Scandals Involving People with Disabilities
  • Mental Health By The Numbers
  • New Science Is Amazing AND It Has HUGE Moral Implications for Our Society: NOW
  • Olmstead & Homelessness
  • Double V
  • " 'Defund the Police" Means 'Invest in the Resources Our Communities Need' " or Don't Cost Shift to the Police
  • VAGUE OLMSTEAD PLANS, EXPENSIVE LITIGATION
  • Updating & Reforming our Understanding & Treatment of "Anti-Social Personality Disorder" Blog
  • Reform of " Anti-Social Personality Disorder" in Criminal Justice
  • CO HB22-1278
  • New Understandings Matter
  • Mental Health, Ethics & Law
  • CO Olmstead Disability Homeless Law & Policy Project
  • Inflammation, the Immune System, Neuro-Developmental Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders, Substance Use Issues & Chronic Disease
  • Microglia and the Brain's Immune System
  • Substance Issues & the Immune System